12月双语法规解读《职业病危害因素分类目录》

2015-12-16 14:44 | 发布者: admin | 查看: 6595 | 评论: 0 | 来自: EHS.CN

摘要：职业健康领域新突破《职业病危害因素分类目录》重大修订！

职业健康领域新突破

《职业病危害因素分类目录》重大修订！

A significant breakthrough for the occupational health

—— Revisions of the Classified Catalogue of Occupational Hazardous Agents

2015年11月17日，国家卫生计生委等四部门联合公布并印发了《职业病危害因素分类目录》（下称《目录》），这是在2013年12月23日颁布的《职业病分类和目录》之后的又一个重要的支持性工作文件。

On November 17, 2015, the National Health and Family Planning Commission and other three authority bureaus including jointly disclosed and issued the Classified Catalogue of Occupational Hazardous Agents (hereinafter referred to as the Catalogue), which is an important supporting document after the Classified Catalogue of Occupational Diseases issued on December 23, 2013.

相较于2002版，新版《职业病危害因素分类目录》无论从结构上、因素的分类上及因素本身上都发生了重要的变化，我们将这些变化整理如下，请职业卫生领域及企业从事职业卫生相关工作的朋友关注，并修订内部有关规定。

Compared with the 2002 version, the new version of the Catalogue has significant changes on structures, agents' classification and agents themselves. We are sorting out the changes, and remind our friends involved in the field of occupational health and doing relevant jobs in enterprises to pay attention to them and to revise relevant internal rules.

1、 结构性变化：

Firstly, the changes of the structure.

Ø 从整体结构上看：原来有10大类105种职业危害因素，现修订为六大类459种。数量大大增加了。（见下表）

From the view of the overall structure, the number of occupational hazardous agents has been greatly added up to 456 types out of six categories from 105 types out of 10 categories (see the table below).

Ø 从篇幅上看：修订后的《目录》仅有23页内容，而旧版目录达到70余页！

From the view of the length of the Catalogue, the revised Catalogue just has 23 page while the 2002 version has more than 70 pages.

Ø 从内容编排上看：将职业危害因素所引发的职业病种类、与行业举例进行了全部删减了。仅从新版的目录上我们已无法找到与危害因素相对应的“病”和“行业”。

　　行业工种举例后续将以指南形式下发

From the view of the layout of contents, types of occupational disease induced by occupational hazardous agents and industrial examples have been deleted. From the contents of the Catalogue, we cannot find "diseases" and "industries" that are corresponding to hazardous agents.

原因探讨：职业病的诱发因素是多重的，以单一危害因素来确认职业病这里存在许多检测、诊断上的困难。劳动者在岗位中接触的职业病危害因素情况比较复杂。而原来的皮肤病、眼病等（原第6、7、8、9章）中涉及的危害因素从因素本身的理化特性上讲分别属于化学物质类、粉尘类、放射类因素等等。

Reasons to explore:

Agents inducing occupational diseases are various and multiple, so there are many examining and diagnosing difficulties in identifying occupational diseases by an single hazard agent. Occupational hazardous agents exposed to employees in the workplace are complicated. Meanwhile, hazardous agents relating to original skin diseases and eye diseases (the original chapter 6, 7, 8 and 9), from the perspective of agents' physical and chemical characteristics, belong to agents of chemicals, dust, radioactive substance and so on.

编者注：我们认为本次修订的核心原则是：强调危害因素本身，不再限制于某些行业或外显的病症。因而，职业卫生管理从后果管理走向源头，从行业分类管理走向全行业管理。即无论是否发生职业病案例，这些危害因素的识别与管理都是必须的，尽管企业所处的行业可能很少发生职业病案例，但只要存在危害因素，企业必须对因素实施有效监管。

Editor's Note:

In our opinion, the core principle of this revision is that it focuses on the hazardous agents rather than certain industrial or explicit symptoms. Therefore, occupational hygienic management has come to the source management from the consequence management, and to the industrial comprehensive management from the industrial classified management. No matter cases of occupational diseases happen or not, identification and management of hazardous agents are necessary. Even if seldom cases of occupational diseases happen, enterprises shall take effective monitoring measures over agents where hazardous agents exist.

2、 危害因素的变化：

Secondly, the change of the hazardous agents.

从上表中我们可以知道危害因素的数量大大增加了。

From the table above, we can see that the number of hazardous agents has greatly increased.

Ø 粉尘类危害因素由原来的13种增加到52种，其中前12种因素与《职业病分类和目录》中前12

种尘肺病病种对应，其他因素按拼音顺序依次排列；

The types of hazardous agents of dust are added up to 52 types from 13, first 12 agents of which

are corresponding to first 12 pneumoconiosis in the Classified Catalogue of Occupational

Diseases，and other agents are arranged in the order of Chinese phonetic alphabet；

Ø 化学物质类由原来的56种增加到375种。化学因素类前59种因素与《职业病分类和目录》中前59种职业性化学中毒病种对应，其他因素按物质类别依次排列。另外，为便于识别管理，对物质（混合物除外）CAS编号进行了标注。

The types of hazardous agents of chemicals are added up to 375 types from 56, first 59 agents

of which are corresponding to first 59 occupational chemical poisoning disease in the Classified

Catalogue of Occupational Diseases，and other agents are arranged in the order of substance’s

types. In addition, the substances' (except mixtures) CAS NO. has been marked for easy

identification and management.

编者注：化学物质类的危害因素认定，一定要与新颁布的《危险化学品目录》及GHS涉及的“健康危害”及SDS中的“毒理学信息”进行关联。《危险化学品目录》中的几千种危险物质，特别是具有健康危害的物质应当引起我们的重视。

Editor's Note:

The identification of chemical hazardous agents shall be related to the latest Catalogue of Dangerous Chemicals, "health hazards" involved in GHS and "the toxicological information" in SDS. There are thousands of dangerous chemicals, especially the substances with health hazards shall draw our attention.

Ø 物理因素由原来的4类增加至15类，涉及的范围显著扩大，如下表。

The types of physical agents are added up to 15 from 4 with its range significantly expanded, as the table below.

编者注：职业危害因素一旦确认，企业就必须考虑：工作场所的危害因素限值、检测标准、体检与诊断、劳动防护要求，甚至从源头的厂房与工艺设计等等相关的标准与规范。例如：

Editor's Note:

Once the occupational hazardous agents are identified, enterprises shall consider the limits for hazardous agents in the workplace, the testing standards, body check and diagnosis, labor protective requirements, and even the standards and specifications for factories and process planning. For examples,

Ø GBZ 1 2010-工业企业设计卫生标准，

CBZ 1 2010-Hygienic Standards for the Design of Industrial Enterprises;

Ø GBZ 2.1 2007 工作场所有害因素职业接触限值第1部分：化学有害因素，

GBZ 2.1 2007 Occupational exposure limits for hazardous agents in the workplace Part 1：Chemical hazardous agents;

Ø GBZ 2.2 2007 工作场所有害因素职业接触限值第2部分：物理因素，

GBZ 2.1 2007 Occupational exposure limits for hazardous agents in the workplace Part 2 Physical agents;

Ø 再如 GBZT 189.1~ 9 2007 的系列标准中，包括了工作场所物理因素测量方法的高频辐射、高频电磁场、工频电场、激光辐射、微波辐射、紫外辐射、高温、噪声、手传振动等九种测量标准等。

Such as the series standards of GBZT 189.1~ 9 2007, including nine measuring standards for measuring physical agents in the workplace, they are high frequency radiation, high frequency electromagnetic field, power frequency electric field, laser radiation, microwave radiation, ultraviolet radiation, high temperature, noise and hand-transmitted vibration.

Ø 再如近年新增的诊断标准，如GBZ 7 2014 职业性手臂振动病诊断标准，GBZ 14 2015 职业性急性氨中毒诊断标准，GBZ 16 2014 职业性急性甲苯中毒诊断标准等。

Such as diagnosing standards newly issued in recent years, like GBZ 7 2014 Diagnostic Criteria of Occupational Hand-Arm Vibration Disease, GBZ 14 2015 Diagnostic Criteria of Occupational Acute Ammonia Poisoning and GBZ 16 2014 Diagnostic Criteria of Occupational Benzene Poisoning

Ø 再如行业性职业病预防指南：如GBZT 251-2014 汽车铸造作业职业危害预防控制指南，GBZT 252-2014 中小箱包加工企业职业危害预防控制指南，GBZT 253-2014 造纸业职业病危害预防控制指南等等。

Such as prevention guidelines for industrial occupational diseases, like GBZT 251-2014 Guidelines for prevention and control of occupational hazard in foundry of automobile manufacturing, GBZT 252-2014 Guideline for occupational hazard prevention and control in small and medium bag-making industry and GBZT 253-2014 Guideline for prevention and control of occupational hazards in papermaking industry.

小结：Conclusion

《职业病防治法》、《职业病分类和目录》、《职业病危害分类目录》是一个系列的修订。本《目录》的2015版重大的变化在于：为未提及的职业病危害因素设置开放性条款，对企业的要求更高：是否存在职业病危害因素，需要企业自行判断；未提及的危害因素是否属于职业病危害因素，企业亦需要自行判断。这与以往EHS朋友先定义自己的行业再进行分析判断的逻辑有着很大的不同。

The Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases, the Classified Catalogue of Occupational Diseases and the Classified Catalogue of Occupational Hazardous Agents belong to the same series. The main change of the 2015 version of the Catalogue is that open terms are set for the not-mentioned occupational hazardous agents, which has put forward much higher requirements for enterprises. Enterprises shall judge whether there are occupation hazardous agents, as well as whether the not-mentioned hazardous agents belong to occupational hazardous agents. In the past, our EHS friends always identified the industry first and then analyzed and made a judgment. Now the logic is quite different.

职业病的预防是从职业病危害因素识别开始的，一系列后续措施均以此为源头。企业应当慎而又慎。

The prevention and control of occupational disease begins from identifying occupational hazardous agents, which is the source for the following measures. Enterprises shall be highly cautious.

（完）

双语法规解读由环境健康安全网（www.ehs.cn）原创，如需转载，请注明出处