2016年4月新法提示解读《机械行业较大危险因素辨识与防范指导手册》

       EHS.CN注：

　　EHS.CN’s note

　　在危险化学品、煤矿、非煤矿山等高危行业，目前尚未出台较大危险因素管控的文件及计划。而此次针对冶金、有色等6个危险性相对较小的行业开展的较大危险因素管控计划，可以说是监管部门一种新的尝试，一种试点。我们会发现，监管部门的关注重点已从重大危险源、重大隐患进一步扩展到了较大危险因素，且并不排除以后在余下其他行业推广的可能性。

　　Regarding to the high-risks industries of hazardous chemicals, coal and non-coal mines, relevant documents and plans related to major hazardous factors have not yet been introduced. However, it is a new attempt and a pilot action for the supervision departments to carry out the managing and controlling plan of major hazardous factors among six industries with relatively less dangers, such as the industry of non-ferrous metal and the metallurgical Industry. It is shown that the supervision departments have further extended their focus from serious hazardous sources and serious hidden risks to major hazardous factors, and the possibility that the focus will be extended to other industries cannot be excluded.

　　为了遏制重特大事故的发生，不管是重大隐患，抑或是较大危险因素，都将是被重点监管的对象，企业EHS人员需留意。

　　In order to curb the occurrence of serious and extraordinarily serious accidents, both serious hidden risks and major hazardous factors shall be the object of special supervision, therefore EHS personnel in enterprises should pay attention to it.

　　二、监管趋向系统化、精细化

　　Secondly, supervision tends to be more and more systematic and meticulous.

　　以机械行业的锻造工艺为例，《手册》主要从以下5个方面进行规范和说明：

　　Taking the casting technology under the machinery industry as an example, the Manual clarifies the regulations mainly from the following five aspects.

　　场所/环节/部位

　　Place/Phase/Part

　　较大危险因素

　　Major hazardous factors

　　易发生的事故类型

　　Types of accidents that may easily happen

　　主要防范措施

　　Primary prevention measures

　   依据

　　basis

　　其中“易发生的事故类型“，则是对应“企业职工伤亡事故分类标准“中的20类事故类别;”依据“则进一步明确了被认定为较大危险因素的判定依据……可谓之详尽、具体，丝毫不输于企业EHS人员编制的各种安全检查表。

　　“Types of accidents that may easily happen” are corresponding to 20 types of accidents stipulated in the Classification for Casualty Accidents of Enterprise Staff and Workers; the “basis” has further explained the judging basis for defining major hazardous factors. They are detailed and specific, and not worst than various tables of security check drawn by enterprises' EHS personnel.

　　EHS.CN注：

　　EHS.CN’s note

　　《危险化学品企业重大隐患认定指导目录(试行)》中明确了何种情况将会被认定为重大隐患，而本次进一步明确了判定依据，甚至包括了应采取的主要防范措施!

　　In the Catalogue for Guiding the Identification of Serious Hidden Risks for Hazardous Chemicals Enterprises (Trial), it is clearly stipulated that what circumstance will be defined as serious hidden risks, and the Manual has further clarified the determination basis, even including main prevention measures that shall be taken.

　　监管部门的监管如此具体，要求如此之高，在这样的情形下，企业、EHS人员对自身又有怎样的要求?又该如何做?才能做到合规!不妨认真想一想。

　　The supervision authorities’ regulations are so specific as well as the requirements are so stringent. Under this situation, what are the requirements for enterprises and EHS personnel? How to achieve the compliance? Serious consideration is needed.

       以机械行业为例，《手册》共包括十大类工艺及设备，覆盖了机械行业可能存在较大危险因素的各个方面。对机械行业的企业EHS管理人员来说，可以根据该《手册》并结合企业自身实际，开展较大危险因素辨识及制订防范措施，系统管理存在的较大危险因素。

　　Taking the machinery industry as an example, the Manual contains ten types of technologies and facilities, covering every aspect of major hazardous factors that may exist in the machinery industry. The EHS administrative personnel in machinery industry can carry out the identification of major hazardous factors and establish prevention measures according this Manual and their actual situations, and systematically manage the existing major hazardous factors.

　　供有关企业在开展较大危险因素辨识及制订防范措施中参考，供监管部门作为重点执法检查内容参考。

　　This Manual is a reference for relevant enterprises while carrying out the identification of major hazardous factors and establishing prevention measures, and a reference for supervision authorities to decide key contents of law-enforcement inspection.

　　EHS.CN注：

　　EHS.CN’s note

　　企业EHS管理人员需注意，《手册》仅仅只是参考，管好了上述88个较大危险因素，并不等于管好了安全;《手册》可供企业参考，也可供监管部门作为执法检查的重点内容参考。因此，如何依据《手册》、结合自身实际，和行业监管部门保持沟通?值得大家思考。

　　Corporate EHS management personnel should pay attention to that the Manual is just for reference, because managing the above-mentioned 88 major hazardous factors well does not mean managing the safety well. The Manual can be the reference for enterprises as well as for supervision authorities to decide key contents of law-enforcement inspection. Therefore, how to communicate with the industrial supervision authority according to the Manual and their actual situation? It is worthy of consideration.

　   5.1充分通风 为了保证作业人员在无害的呼吸氛围内工作，所有焊接、切割、钎焊及有关的操作必须要在足够的通风条件下(包括自然通风或机械通风)进行。(《焊接与切割安全》GB9448)

　　5.1 Adequate ventilation In order to ensure that the operating personnel can work in a harmless breathing environment, all welding, cutting, brazing and related operations must be carried out under adequate ventilation (including natural ventilation or mechanical ventilation). (Safety in welding and cutting GB9448)

　　在有限空间(或受限空间)的日常管理及监管方面，还有以下的法规及标准要求：

　　There are following regulations and standardized requirements for the daily management and supervision over confined spaces (or limited spaces)

　　涂装作业安全规程 有限空间作业安全技术要求(GB 12942-2006)

　　Safety code for painting – technical requirements of safety for working in confined spaces (GB 12942-2006)

　　化学品生产单位受限空间作业安全规范(AQ 3028-2008)

　　Safety code for operation at confined spaces in chemical manufactory (AQ 3028-2008)

　　生产区域受限空间作业安全规范(HG 30011-2013)

　　The safety code for confined spaces in workplace (HG 30011-2013)

　　《有限空间安全作业五条规定》，2014.9.29

　　Five rules on safe operation at confined spaces, 2014.9.29

　　工贸企业有限空间作业安全管理与监督暂行规定，2015.7.1

　　……

　　EHS.CN注：

　　EHS.CN’s note

　　在企业生产实际中，有诸多环节涉及有限空间，《手册》中虽然提到了针对有限空间危险的主要防范措施，但仅仅只是参考，并不全面，企业EHS人需特别留意。

　　In enterprises’ actual manufacturing, there are many aspects related to confined spaces. The Manual has mentioned the primary prevention measures against dangers existing at confined spaces, but they are just references without comprehensive coverage. Therefore, corporate EHS personnel shall be careful.

　　EHS.CN小结：

　　EHS.CN’s conclusion

　　两大看点：

　　Tow major points

　　从重大隐患到较大危险因素;

　　From serious hidden risks to major hazardous factors

　　《危险化学品企业重大隐患认定指导目录(试行)》，明确了何为重大隐患，并进行举例。而《手册》主要是针对较大危险因素，危害的严重程度降低了，但范围较之前扩大了，数量变多。

　　The Catalogue for Guiding the Identification of Serious Hidden Risks for Hazardous Chemicals Enterprises (Trial) has clearly stipulated what are serious hidden risks and given some examples. However, the Manual mainly focus on major hazardous factors. The severity of the damages has been reduced, but the scope has been expanded and the number has been raised.

　　从强制实施到行业参考;

　    From compulsive enforcement to industrial reference

　　重大隐患排查治理、公示情况需上报地方安监部门，强制实施;一旦被安监部门认定为重大隐患，将会被挂牌督办，进行整改。《手册》仅仅是作为参考，方便企业进行日常管理，同时也作为监管部门的监管重点。

　　The screening, identification and control work of serious hidden risks and the publicity information shall be reported to local safety supervision departments; once local safety supervision departments define it as a serious hidden risk, the enterprise shall handle the risk and rectify under competent departments' supervision. The Manual is just a reference for enterprises to carry out daily management as well as supervision emphases for safety supervision departments.

　　较大危险因素尚未构成重大隐患，若存在，可能不会被监管部门挂牌督办;但较大危险因素并不能等同于较大的事故及后果，也可能是重特大事故。

　　Existing major hazardous factors do not constitute serious hidden risks, so enterprise’s rectification may not be under competent departments' supervision. Major hazardous factors are not equal to relatively serious accidents and their consequence, nevertheless, they may cause serious or extraordinarily serious accidents.

　　《手册》只是作为参考，但对较大危险因素的管理，不能是可做，可不做。各位EHS朋友，务必保持对行业《手册》的高度关注，在管理好重大危险因素、消除重大安全隐患的同时，也必须提起十二分的精神，并管理好较大危险因素，做到切实合规，不触碰红线。

　　The Manual is just as a reference, but the management of major hazardous factors is not the thing that may be done or not. Our EHS friends, please keep attention on the Manual, pay closed attention to the management of major hazardous factors while managing seriously hazardous factors and eliminating serious hidden risks, fully achieve the compliance with regulations and be away from the warning line.

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　　好课推荐：Course Recommendation

　　危险源识别与风险控制 2天 5月19-20日

　　Hazard Identification and Risk control 2-day course on May 19~20

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